Everything about Douglas Southall Freeman totally explained
Douglas Southall Freeman, (
May 16,
1886 –
June 13,
1953) born to Walker Garland Freeman and Bettie (Hamner) Freeman, was an
American journalist and historian. He was the author of definitive biographies of
George Washington and
Confederate General
Robert E. Lee.
Youth, education
Freeman was born in
Lynchburg, Virginia, the son of a Confederate soldier during the
American Civil War. He did his undergraduate work at
Richmond College where he joined the Fraternity of
Phi Gamma Delta. He received his Ph.D. in history from
Johns Hopkins University at the age of 22.
Career: editor and author
A long-time resident of
Richmond, Virginia, Dr. Freeman served as editor of the
Richmond News Leader from 1915 to 1949. However, it was his work as a historian and biographer that earned greatest recognition.
He won
Pulitzer Prizes for two of his books, his four-volume biography of Robert E. Lee, and his six-volume biography of George Washington (a seventh volume
First in Peace was written after Freeman's death by J. A. Carroll and M. W. Ashworth, two of his historical associates). He was also the author of the three-volume
Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command.
Freeman's treatments of the
American Civil War are often cited as examples of the
Lost Cause movement, emphasizing the glory and nobility of the Southern generals and the futility of their fight against the power of the North. While Freeman certainly does emphasize the nobility of Lee's character, he doesn't say that Lee made no mistakes, nor does he say that the North only won because of superior numbers. For instance, this passage shows Lee misjudging his real opponent, and also expresses admiration for Abraham Lincoln's character:
Lee's balancing of the ponderables on the military scales was accurate. He couldn't realize, and few even in Washington could see, that an imponderable was tipping the beam. That imponderable was the influence of President Lincoln. ... References to Lincoln in Lee's correspondence and conversation were rare. He was much more interested in the Federal field-commanders than in the commander-in-chief. After the late winter of 1863-64, had Lee known all the facts, he'd have given as much care to the study of the mind of the Federal President as to the analysis of the strategical methods of his immediate adversaries. For that remarkable man, who had never wavered in his purpose to preserve the Union, had now mustered all his resources of patience and of determination. Those who had sought cunningly to lead him, slowly found that he was leading them. His unconquerable spirit, in some mysterious manner, was being infused into the North as spring approached. |
Honors
Douglas S. Freeman High School in
Henrico County, Virginia, in Richmond's
West End, was named in his honor, as is Freeman Hall at the University of Richmond.
Freeman is commemorated by Virginia Historical Highway Marker Q6 17, which is located in the
independent city of Lynchburg, Virginia, near his place of birth.
Further Information
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